Marine protected areas mpas are areas of the ocean set aside for longterm conservation aims mpas support climate change adaptation and mitigation while providing other ecosystem services currently 6. Joint working party on agriculture and the environment the. The linkages between biodiversity and climate change. Pdf forest ecosystems are critical to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sequestration. The fossil record suggests that recovery of global ecosystems has required millions or even tens of millions of years. Thus, climate change is likely to have a significant impact on biodiversity malcolm and markham, 2000. It first describes the ecosystem services that contribute to mitigation and adaptation, as well as the threat of climate change to ecosystem services.
Addressing climate change is not possible without reducing agricultural emissions agriculture contributes substantially to climate change, by directly emitting noncarbon dioxide nonco 2. Quantifying the benefit of early climate change mitigation. At the same time, climate change affects biodiversity in multiple ways through complex interactions among and between species and their habitats. Report of the second ad hoc technical expert group on biodiversity and climate change. Towards better climate change mitigation and biodiversity protection in latin america. Human induced climate change caused by the accumulation of anthropogenic emissions in the atmosphere primarily from fossil fuels and land use changes could shift the net natural carbon cycle towards annual net emissions from terrestrial sinks, and weaken ocean sinks, thus further accelerating climate change.
Naturebased approaches for climate change mitigation and. Beijing call for biodiversity conservation and climate change also evidence an emerging. Consequently, conserving and sustainably managing biodiversity is critical to addressing climate change. Lovejoy and hannah, 2005, and current conservation strategies, which. There are also concern that existing protected area networks may not be adequate for biodiversity conservation in a time of changing climate. Biodiversity plays an important role in regulating the climate, thus making a key contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Biodiversity and ecosystem services help us to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The first national climate change strategy came into force in 2003, with the draft 2014 revised strategy currently undergoing a public consultation process. This chapter explores the links between ecosystem services and climate change. Two international conventions, the united nations framework.
Rio markers should be applied to all bilateral oda and nonexport credit other official flows oof 1. Since the first ahteg completed its work, the scientific information and degree of certainty regarding the relationship between biodiversity and. Pdf climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in. The impacts of climate change on biodiversity are of major concern to the convention on biological diversity cbd. Climate change is expected to significantly influence biodiversity, but the performance of climate change mitigation strategies in reducing these impacts is not yet known. It is well established that the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems depends on biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks occurring at the soilplantatmosphere spa interface. It can be as complex as a plan for a new city, or as a simple as improvements to a. They regulate ecosystems, protect biodiversity, play an integral part in the carbon cycle, support livelihoods, and supply goods and services that can drive sustainable growth. Potential effects of climate change on new zealands terrestrial biodiversity and policy recommendations for mitigation, adaptation and research matt mcglone1 and susan walker2. Global demand for livestock products is expected to double by 2050, mainly due to improvement in the worldwide standard of living. Biodiversity is affected by climate change, with negative consequences for human wellbeing, but biodiversity, through the ecosystem services it supports, also makes an important contribution to both climatechange mitigation and adaptation. Seize the opportunities in naturebased climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Climate change mitigation and adaptation can be supported by biodiversity. The physical science basis ar5 climate change 2014. Since climate change and biodiversity loss like so many other environmental i ssues we face are closely related, they are covered in the same guide. The main challenge is their substitution with lowcarbon energy sources. Peatlands constitute in the nordic and baltic states. Partnerships and innovative financing to mainstream. Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of global warming and its related effects. Both mitigation and adaptation strategies are crucial to respond to climate change. The linkages between biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Robin is an eufunded project running for four years from november 2011. Agricultural lands key to mitigation and adaptation science. Pdf the role of wetlands for climate change mitigation.
Biodiversity contributes to the resilience of ecosystem function, and to the maintenance of associated ecosystem services, in light of climatechange impacts. Meanwhile, climate change is a threat to livestock production because of the impact on quality of feed crop and forage, water availability, animal and milk production, livestock diseases, animal reproduction, and biodiversity. Pdf on feb 24, 2017, salamma sugali and others published climate change and biodiversity impacts, adaptation and mitigationan. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, secretiariat of the convention on biological diversity and others published connecting biodiversity and climate change mitigation and. Peatlands, climate change mitigation and biodiversity. Limiting the magnitude of climate change via stringent greenhouse gas ghg mitigation is necessary to prevent further biodiversity loss. Fisheries, food security, climate change, and biodiversity. Biodiversity and climate change convention biological diversity. Integrating adaptation and mitigation in climate change. Biodiversity and climate change secretariat of the convention on.
Pdf connecting biodiversity and climate change mitigation and. It will provide information for policy, together with resource use options, under scenarios of socioeconomic and climate change. Fao is currently developing guidelines to assist forest managers to understand, assess and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. This study argues for the need to integrate biodiversity into ambitious climate action. Biodiversity impacts of climate change include shifts in species distribution and range, and the impacts of mitigation activities. Incorporating biodiversity in climate change mitigation.
The convention also recognizes that there are significant opportunities for mitigating climate change and adapting to it, while enhancing the conservation of biodiversity. The keynote message at the opening of the 5th ipbes plenary session highlighted the complex links between action on climate change and protection of biodiversity. Climate change and biodiversity european capitals of biodiversity. This generally involves reductions in human emissions of greenhouse gases ghgs fossil fuels account for about 70% of ghg emissions. They act as both a cause and a solution for greenhouse gas emissions. Secretariat of the convention on biological diversity cbd. When it comes to tackling climate change to prevent the impacts it causes in the different systems of the planet, the human being applies two types of measures.
Natures role in climate change terrestrial and marine ecosystems play an important role in regulating climate. Biodiversity is affected by climate change, with negative consequences for human wellbeing, but biodiversity, through the ecosystem services it supports, also makes an important contribution to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Pdf on jul 4, 2019, dessalegn gemeda and others published the role of wetlands for climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation 1,2 dinsa, tt. Although reserves can play a role in carbon storage and sequestration for example, through initiatives such as reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation one aspect of climate change mitigation here we focus solely on adaptation strategies. There is little doubt that the ongoing humanforced climate change event will become one of the main contributors to the global loss of biodiversity and has already caused accelerated rates of species extinctions and changes to ecosystems across the earth sala et al. Application of biodiversity criteria and safeguards to climate change interventions can. The mitigation hierarchy avoid reduce, moderate, minimise rescue relocation, translocation repair, reinstate, restore. Pdf biodiversity as a solution to mitigate climate change impacts. Integrated solutions for biodiversity, climate change. Climate change mitigation climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. The handbook was extended to also cover, apart from climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation as one can witness increasing initiatives to cope with the phenomenon. Climate change mitigation initiatives based on biological sequestration of carbon have paid little attention to biodiversity, with important implications both for climate change mitigation and for ecosystem services that depend on biodiversity. Climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in ethiopia 2.
Focal areas, chemicals and waste, pesticides, climate change, united nations framework convention on climate change, nationally determined contribution, climate change mitigation, agriculture, forestry, and other land use, climate change adaptation, mainstreaming adaptation, climate resilience, biodiversity. Due to massive price drops, wind power and solar photovoltaics pv. Biodiversity can benefit from climate stabilization. They currently absorb roughly half of manmade carbon emissions. The symposium focussed on the critical role of natural ecosystems in climate change mitigation. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Pdf climate change and biodiversity impacts, adaptation and. Thus, intervention by humans, the very agents of the current. Potential effects of climate change on new zealands. The role of biodiversity and ecosystems in climate change. Further, forests have a certain natural capacity to adapt to climate change because of their biodiversity. Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability ar5 climate change 2014. Towards a climate change ambition that better integrates. They are therefore a crucial part of our effort to combat climate change. Anthropogenic climate change is altering the management of production forests. Integrating biodiversity and climate change adaptation in activity design usaid. The australian government is implementing a strategy for tackling climate change in australia. Climate change adaptation planning for biodiversity.
Guidance on integrating climate change and biodiversity. This report has been welcomed by the bureau of the conference of the parties to the convention on. Some animals have important roles in ecosystem processes and organization, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and herbivory, and the loss of these species has clear negative consequences for ecosystem resilience e. The current massive degradation of habitat and extinction of species is taking place on a catastrophically short timescale, and their effects will fundamentally reset the future evolution of the planets biota. Mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior. These changes are motivated by the need to adapt to the uncertainties and risks of climate change, and by the need to enlist their carbon storage and sequestration. Change in climate has consequences on the biophysical environment such as changes in the start and length of the seasons, glacial retreat, decrease in arctic sea ice extent and a rise in sea level. Peatlands, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation 7 the purpose of this issue brief is to draw attention to greenhouse gas emissions from drained peatlands and to the opportunities for climate change mitigation by peatland rewetting.
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